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課程名稱 |
經濟發展一
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(Ⅰ) |
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開課學期 |
96-1 |
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授課對象 |
經濟學系 |
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授課教師 |
林建甫 |
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課號 |
ECON3009 |
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課程識別碼 |
303 32210 |
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班次 |
01 |
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學分 |
2 |
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全/半年 |
半年 |
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必/選修 |
必修 |
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上課時間 |
星期二3,4(10:20~12:10) |
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上課地點 |
社法3 |
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備註 |
總人數上限：70人 |
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Ceiba 課程網頁 |
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/961edv |
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課程簡介影片 |
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核心能力關聯 |
核心能力與課程規劃關聯圖 |
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課程大綱
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為確保您我的權利,請尊重智慧財產權及不得非法影印
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課程概述 |
本課程的目的在介紹傳統與現代的經濟發展理論與其相關的經濟政策。發展是多元過程包括整個經濟和社會制度的重組與重建。不但是所得和產量的增加，也包括制度面、社會面和行政結構、大眾態度、甚至習俗與信仰的大幅改變。過去學者對發展的研究歷程發現國家不同經濟發展的途徑也不相同。但對成長的過程及結構的變化可歸納出一些型態和關係。我們希望討論各個主要的理論與實證工具，來幫助我們了解經濟發展過程中的一般特徵。
經濟學最終目的為發展出各種理論裡解釋經濟現象，進而提供有效的經濟政策來增進人類的福祉。但其有效性(validity)則需要靠資料來測試證實。理論與實證這兩種方法，具有互補的性質，相輔相成的效果。過去在二次大戰後經濟發展理論有四種主要思想：線性階段成長理論(the linear-stages-of-growth model)，結構變遷之理論與型態(theories and patterns of structural change)，國際依賴革命(the international dependence revolution)，及新古典自由市場之反革命(the neoclassical, free market counterrevolution)，可以說是各領風騷數十年。但最近幾年總體經濟學中發展的內生成長理論(the new or endogenous theory of economic growth) 及華裔學者楊小凱創立的超邊際經濟學(Inframarginal Economics)則是兩股經濟發展研究的新潮流。本課程都要加以深入潛出的介紹，以幫助同學在這些方面能夠具備批判與修改創新的能力。 |
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課程目標 |
經濟發展是經濟學學習的終極目標，目的在改善人類的生活。大戰以後，一些原本經濟情況不錯的國家，卻一直停滯不前；而一些貧窮的國家卻紛紛爬了起來。前者如阿根廷，菲律賓。在一九六０年時，菲律賓及阿根廷的平均國民所得遠比台灣還高，尤其是阿根廷憑藉其豐富的自然資源，還是世界平均所得的前十大國。而日本的快速復甦，台灣等亞洲四小龍的表現的確令人刮目相看。到了一九九五年台灣的平均國民所得已經是菲律賓的十幾倍，也是阿根廷的七倍。所以要不是後來亞洲金融風暴的影響，泰國、馬來西亞、印尼這些東南亞國家榮景結束，亞洲國家快速成長的典範，讓歐美等國紛紛自嘆不如。但亞洲金融風暴過後，現在的韓國還是如浴血的鳳凰，經濟發展突飛猛進，現在平均國名所得已經超越台灣。另外中國在七九年之後的改革開放，經濟發展快速，二十多年來的平均經濟成長率接近十，為世界之冠。2006 年更創下 10.7 %的大國成長世界記錄。
八０年代中期，芝加哥大學的研究生，羅摩 (Paul Romer)獨具慧眼，以無畏的勇氣又重頭研究經濟成長。說他無畏是因為做炒冷飯的題目，做不出來就死了。不像做一些尖端研究，此路不通，轉個彎，柳暗花明還有一村。他將成長的決定內生化。而且特別強調知識、技術的進步及無形人力資本。他的研究甚至影響到他的老師盧卡斯 (Robert Lucas)。盧卡斯本來是理性預期學派的健將，當他研究成長後，不禁說：「當一個人想到這些成長的問題，就應無法再去思考其他的問題。」因為這些研究的成果，更能提升人類的福祉，尤其改善貧窮落後國家的生活水準。因此為什麼有些國家能快速成長，而有些國家卻停止，成為當今經濟學家最熱門的研究課題。 |
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課程要求 |
課程進行：
課程教學方式，我們將以 Powerpoints 進行。此外，為使同學學習如何應用理論於實務，在教學進行時，我們將由同學挑選有興趣的課題，以分組方式，進行讀書心得報告與討論。又為讓同學在未來論文寫作及經濟發展資料上能培養進一步的分析能力，我將穿插計量經濟及數量方法的模型及資料處理範例。上課時間分配，一小時為報告討論、兩小時為理論講授。
課程要求：
期末考，及以平時出席、討論、報告為評鑑的依據。
教科書：
Weil, David, Economic Growth, 2005, Pearson.
課程進度︰(暫訂)
9/18 Introduction
9/25 放假
10/2 Ch 1: The Facts to Be Explained
10/9 No class
10/16 Ch 2: A Framework for Analysis
10/23 No class
10/30 Ch 3: Physical Capital
之後課堂宣佈
Ch 4: Population and Economic Growth
Ch 5: Future Population Trends
Ch 6: Human Capital
Ch 7: Measuring Productivity
Ch 8: The Role of Technology in Growth
下學期
Ch 9: The Cutting Edge of Technology
Ch 10: Efficiency
Ch 11: Growth in the Open Economy
Ch 12: Government
Ch 13: Income Inequality
Ch 14: Culture
Ch 15: Geography, Climate, and Natural Resources
Ch 16: Resources and the Environment at the Global Level
Suggested Readings
Books
1. For a general audience:
Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond (New York: W.W. Norton, 1997). An exploration of the role of geography in shaping long-run economic development.
The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics by William Easterly (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001). A history and critique of economic development policy as practiced by the World Bank and other international organizations.
The Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress by Joel Mokyr (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990). A narrative history of technological progress as well as an analysis of the economic forces that drive it.
The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor by David Landes (New York: Norton, 1998). An economic history of the last five centuries, emphasizing the roles of culture, geography, politics, and technology in contributing to regions' differing economic outcomes.
Plagues and Peoples by William H. McNeill (New York: Doubleday, second edition 1998). An examination of the role that disease has played in human history.
The European Miracle: Environments, economics, and geopolitics in the history of Europe and Asia by E. L. Jones (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, third edition, 2003). An investigation into why Europe developed before the rest of the world, focusing on the interaction of geography and government.
A Concise History of World Population by Massimo Livi-Bacci (Oxford: Blackwell, second edition 1997). A history of fertility, mortality, and the factors which influenced them.
Free Trade Under Fire by Douglas Irwin (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003). A spirited defense of free trade.
The Skeptical Environmentalist by Bj(a0e9)rn Lomborg (Cambridge University Press, 2001). A controversial attacking on the factual basis of environmentalists' doomsday predictions.
2. More advanced readings:
Introduction to Economic Growth by Charles I. Jones (New York: W.W. Norton, second edition, 2002). An analysis of theories of economic growth, with a particular focus on models of technological progress. The level of mathematical sophistication is somewhat higher than in my textbook, but far more accessible than the books by Barro and Sala-i-Martin and by Aghion and Howitt.
Economic Growth by Robert J. Barro and Xavier Sala-i-Martin (Cambridge: MIT Press, second edition, 2004). A rigorous, highly mathematical presentation of the fundamental models used by growth theorists.
Endogenous Growth Theory by Phillipe Aghion and Peter Howitt (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998). A highly mathematical treatment of the theory of technological progress.
Articles
Most communication among professional economists takes place through articles in professional journals, rather than through books. For a listing of important articles broken down by topic, look in the "references" section of Jonathan Temple's Economic Growth web site http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Economics/Growth/
The very latest research is available as "working papers" (which have not yet appeared as articles). The SSRN Economic Growth Abstract Database has an extensive list of working papers that can be searched by keyword. http://www.ssrn.com/link/economic-growth.html
Finally, the footnotes in my textbook cite many of the key articles in the area.
Web Links
General Information About Economic Growth
The World Bank
http://www.worldbank.org/
A wealth of information on the developing world. Look in particular at the links for "data and statistics," "research," and "topics in development."
http://econ.worldbank.org/wdr/
The World Bank's annual World Development Report, which is full of data and analysis, is available online.
United Nations Development Programme
http://www.undp.org/
Information about and analyses of developing countries with an emphasis on poverty, health, the environment, and governance. You can also download their annual Human Development Report.
Economic Growth Resources
http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Economics/Growth/
Maintained by Jonathan Temple at University of Bristol, this site has links to recent research, data sets, and researchers. The listings of articles by topic in the "references" section will be particularly valuable for advanced students.
Resources for Economists on the Internet
http://rfe.org/
Maintained by Bill Goffe, this site has links to numerous data sources, online encyclopedias and glossaries, directories of economists, and so on.
The CIA World Fact Book
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
A great source for information on geography, political structure, economy, resources, and so on. It also has useful political histories for most countries.
Sources of Data
The Penn World Tables
http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt_index.php
National income accounts data (GDP, consumption, investment, etc.) measured using purchasing power parity for 168 countries over the period 1950-2000.
World Development Indicators Database (World Bank)
http://www.worldbank.org/data/onlinedatabases/onlinedatabases.html
Access by subscription only, but many colleges and universities have subscriptions. Data on 550 indicators of development for 208 countries, covering more than 40 years.
Population Reference Bureau Data Finder
http://www.prb.org/datafind/datafinder5.htm
Data on 95 variables including population trends, health, education, environment, and HIV/AIDS for more than 220 countries, 28 world regions and sub-regions, and the world as a whole.
Total Economy Database (Groningen Growth and Development Centre)
http://www.ggdc.net/dseries/totecon.html
Data on GDP, population, employment, and annual working hours for 99 countries since 1950.
U.S. Census International Data Bank
http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbnew.html
A good source for population data from around the world. Includes fertility, mortality, breakdown of the population by age groups, and data going back many decades.
Center for International Development at Harvard University
http://www.cid.harvard.edu/ciddata/ciddata.html
This is the place to go for the Barro-Lee data set on educational attainment, as well as several other data sets on geography, disease, natural resources, and trade.
The BP Statistical Review of World Energy
http://www.bp.com/subsection.do?categoryId=95&contentId=2006480
All the data you could ever want on oil, coal, gas, hydro, nuclear, and renewable energy. This is the link to the 2004 edition.
Governance Matters (World Bank)
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pubs/govmatters3.html
Data on rule of law, corruption, political stability, and other governance indicators for 199 countries for the period 1996-2002.
Freedom in the World (Freedom House)
http://www.freedomhouse.org/research/survey2004.htm
Rankings of political rights and civil liberties, issued annually.
World Population Clock
http://opr.princeton.edu/popclock/
Estimates the current population of the world.
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預期每週課後學習時數 |
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Office Hours |
每週二 08:00~09:00
每週五 08:00~09:00 |
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指定閱讀 |
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參考書目 |
相關的教材：
Dwight H. Perkins, Steven Radelet, Donald R. Snodgrass, Malcolm
Gillis, Michael Roemer, Economics of Development, W. W. 2001, Norton & Company.
Gerald Meier: Leading Issues in Economic Development, 7th Edition,
2001, Oxford University Press.
Jeffrey Sachs, Xiaokai Yang, Economic Development and the Division
of Labor , 2003, Blackwell Publishers.
Michael P. Todaro and Stephen Smith, Economic Development, Ninth
Edition, 2006, Addison-Wesley.
Robert Barro & Xavier Sala-I-Martin: Economic Growth, 2nd Edition,
2003, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Xiaokai Yang & Yew-Kwang Ng, Specialization and Economic
Organization: An New Classical Microeconomic Framework, 1993, North Holland
Xiaokai Yang, Economics: New Classical Versus Neoclassical
Frameworks, 2001, Blackwell Publishers
Xiaokai Yang, Development Economics : Inframarginal Versus Marginal
Analyses, 2003, Blackwell.
World Bank, World Development Report, various issues and other
World Bank publications.
參考補充之課外資料：
世界經濟之戰: 丹尼爾葉金（Daniel Yergin）及約瑟夫史坦尼斯洛（Joseph
Stanislaw）著，財團法人公共電視文化事業基金會發行VCD, 2003
大國崛起︰中國中央電視台發行, 2006年
了解全球化：The Lexus and Olive Tree 湯瑪斯．佛德曼 著， 蔡繼光、李
振昌，霍達文譯，聯經出版公司，2000 年 06 月 15 日出版
世界是平的：湯瑪斯．佛德曼著，譯者：楊振富•潘勛，雅言文化，2005 年
11 月 23 日出版
大河灣︰ 奈波爾著，譯者：李永平，天下文化，1999 年 4 月 26 日出版
(作者為 2001 年諾貝爾文學獎得主)
經濟殺手的告白︰約翰•柏金斯 (John Perkins)著，譯者:戴綺薇.時報2007
年 1 月出版 |
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評量方式
(僅供參考) |
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No. |
項目 |
百分比 |
說明 |
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1. |
期末考 |
50% |
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2. |
平時出席、討論、報告 |
50% |
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